Answer: The meter bridge principle is based on the Wheatstone Bridge circuit, which states that if at any point or length (of a wire), the ratio of two resistances (say R1 and R2) is equal to the ratio of another two resistances (say R3 and R4, where R4 is the unknown resistance), then there will be no current flow between those points and the edges containing the resistances (R1/R2 and R3/R4). As a result, when applied to the meter bridge, the galvanometer will indicate zero deflection at any point along its length.
Answer to the second question: https://byjus.com/physics/to-find-resistance-of-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-of-its-material-experiment/
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