how can you convert galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter

 Solution

A galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by connecting a high resistance ${}^{\prime }{R}^{\prime }$ in series with it.

A galvanometer is converted into ammeter by connecting a small resistance (called shunt) in parallel with it.

Resistance of voltmeter, $R_v=G+R$

Resistance of Ammeter, $R_A=\frac{G{r}_s}{G+r_s}$